INTRODUCTION:

In recent years, plants have been considered as potential agents for disease prevention and treatment. Due to their widespread availability and immense empirical and accessible data, herbal products are favoured over synthetic drugs for their traditional applications.¹ WHO estimates that 80% of the population of developing countries relies on traditional medicines, primarily plant medications, for primary health care.²Juices, plants and fruits have long been held to exert aantiaging and lightening or bleaching effect on the skin.³The main benefit of essential oil is it being an aromatherapy agent. It is also useful in other fields, including boost mood, improve sleep, reduce anxiety and pain, improve job performance through reduced stress and increase attentiveness, kill bacteria, reduce inflammation, reduce nausea and relieves headaches. Essential oils, also known as volatile oils, ethereal oils or aetheroleum, are extraction from plants that retain the original flavour and scent of the plant itself.

The name essential oil was originated from the sixteenth century. It is derived from the drug Quinta essential, which is named by Paracelsus von Hohenheim of Switzerland.⁴ They are organic compounds, highly concentrated, volatile, alcohol soluble, mostly colourless, hydrophobic, less viscous than oil, less dense than water, watery texture and highly aromatic.⁵ Each essential oils have unique aromatic compounds which provide characteristics for the essential oils. They have a characteristic odour and will normally be in liquid form in room temperature. The volatile compounds are mainly classified as terpenoid and non-terpenoid. Terpenoid, primarily monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, is in the form of alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, ethers, peroxides, amines, amides, heterocycle and phenols. Non-terpenoid compounds include phenylpropanoids, fatty acids and their esters. In some minor types of essential oil, nitrogen- or sulphur- containing compounds can also be found.

Essential oil is not about having good smell, it also comes along with different kinds of benefits. The main benefit of essential oil is it being an aromatherapy agent. It is a type of complementary medicine that can improve health through smell or applied topically to the skin to carry out the effects.Essential oil can also act as an anti-aging agent, which is also our main focus in this research. Aging is the time-related decline or decreasing of physiological functions that is necessary for growth, reproduction and survival, thus leading to senescence. Aging takes place in the whole organism, from cells to organ. All parts of the body are affected by aging. It is a process that is unavoidable and will keep carrying on over the entire adult life span. Therefore, people are finding methods to slow down the aging process, where different types of anti-aging agent are launched to the market. Essential oil is one of the products that has anti-aging effect. One of the ways of essential oil that helps in anti-aging is targeting the appearance, where it helps to restore the elasticity of skin by keeping our skin moist. Hence, this will ease the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles and brightens dull and dehydrated skin. Besides, aging can also be caused by free radicals generated during aerobic respiration which is unavoidable. The free radicals will attack fatty acids, DNA and proteins, which is the cause of aging. On the other hand, in aging brain, mitochondrial dysfunction lead to excessive production of oxidizing free radicals which cause oxidative stress with subsequent oxidative damage. Numerous essential oils act as strong antioxidant, which is useful against free radicals. Hence, the concentration of free radical can be reduced, and the aging process can be slowed down.⁶ Examples of essential oils that are effective in anti-aging are Frankincense, Lavender, Rose, Neroli, Geranium, Sandalwood, Citrus, Carrot seed, Ylang Ylang, and Rosemary. Each of these essential oils have different mechanism of action on anti-aging and will be discussed in this report.

Essential oils can be extracted from plants via several methods. Some of the main extraction methods are solvent extraction, steam distillation, and CO₂ extraction. Firstly, extraction can be obtained from the solvent extraction. The plant materials are covered by solvent such as hexane or ethanol and are dissolved in it. The essential oil will be released from plants and absorbed by the solvent. This method is most suitable for a plant material that can provide only small amount of essential oil. The next method of extraction will besteam distillation. The mechanism of this method is when the steams vaporize the volatile compound in the plant material, and the vapour is condensed back to liquid form and collected. This is a popular method of extraction as it requires lower temperature. Hence, the natural qualities of the plant can be remained during the process. Lastly is the CO₂ extraction. This method of extraction uses carbon dioxide as the solvent and will not leave any residue behind. Therefore, the extracts obtained is purer and safer for use.

ESSENTIAL OILS:

Frankincense Essential oil:

Frankincense essential oil is a fragrant oil derived from the latex of the Boswellia tree. It has a long history of use in conventional medicine and is highly regarded for its analgesic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties.⁷ Boswellia trees are native to certain regions of Africa and Asia. By making minute incisions in the bark of the tree, the resin can be extracted. After the resin has had time to consolidate, the essential oil is produced by distilling it with steam.⁸ Documented applications for frankincense essential oil include aromatherapy, cosmetics, and the treatment of a variety of ailments with natural remedies. Due to its alluring aroma and beneficial effects on the skin, it is frequently used in perfumes and cosmetics. There are multiple mechanisms by which frankincense essential oil demonstrates its anti-aging effects. According to one study, frankincense essential oil can enhance collagen synthesis by increasing gene expression and promoting the growth of fibroblast cells, which are responsible for collagen production in the skin. Collagen is essential for maintaining the skin's elasticity and reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. It is believed that boswellic acid, a phytochemical found in Frankincense essential oil, is responsible for increased collagen production. Boswellic acids are heteroatom-containing triterpenoid substances that have been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. With fewer wrinkles and fine lines on the face, a person typically appears youthful.⁹Frankincense essential oil has the ability to modulate inflammation and remodelling of skin tissue, which has a direct effect on skin condition.

The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the terpenoids in frankincense essential oil, such as limonene and alpha-pinene, prevent the body from producing pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are molecules that cause inflammation, according to another study. As chronic inflammation is one of the primary causes of ageing, the ageing process can be slowed by reducing inflammation.¹⁰In addition, the antioxidant properties of frankincense essential oil can help prevent skin injury caused by free radicals. Free radicals that can damage cells and accelerate cellular ageing. Frankincense essential oil contains limonene, which aids in enhancing skin texture and protecting against oxidative stress.¹¹Sesquiterpenes like-caryophyllene, which protects against UV-induced skin injury and improves skin hydration, contribute to the antioxidant properties of frankincense essential oil.¹²

Lavender Essential Oil:

Lavender is a flowering plant in the Lavandula genus of the mint family. Originating in the Mediterranean, it is now cultivated all over the globe for its aromatic and medicinal properties. Lavender has been utilised for many years to treat skin disorders, insomnia, and anxiety. The plant produces spikes of violet-blue flowers with a distinctive fragrance and slender, grayish-green foliage. The steam distillation of lavender blossoms yields lavender essential oil, which is utilised in aromatherapy, fragrances, and personal care products. It is also employed in conventional medicine due to its anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. The anti-inflammatory properties of lavender essential oil determine its anti-aging benefits.¹³ Linalool, one of the phytochemicals found in lavender oil, possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Linalool can help protect against oxidative stress, which is a significant factor in skin degeneration.

Linalyl acetate, an additional phytochemical found in lavender oil, possesses antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Linalyl acetate can increase skin elasticity, thereby preventing the formation of fine lines and creases.¹⁴ Lavender oil has anti-aging effects on the skin because it contains phytochemicals with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and collagen-stimulating properties, such as linalool and linalyl acetate.

Rose Essential Oil:

Rose essential oil is a fragrant oil extracted from rose flower blossoms. It is well-liked for both its pleasant aroma and its possible therapeutic properties. Rose essential oil contains several phytochemicals, including geraniol, nerol, citronellol, linalool, and eugenol. It was discovered that these phytochemicals have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. It has been discovered that the essential oil possesses additional qualities that may be beneficial to skin health.¹⁵ Geraniol's antioxidant properties have been shown to aid in the protection of skin cells against oxidative stress. According to a study published in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology, geraniol may help prevent photoaging, or ageing due to exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Nerol, a phytochemical found in rose essential oil, has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. Nerol can reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in skin cells, which can contribute to skin ageing and other skin conditions.

Citronellol is a naturally occurring acyclic monoterpene alcohol that is frequently found in a variety of essential oils. Citronellol possesses significant antioxidant activity, which may protect skin cells from free radical-induced damage and thus delay the advent of premature ageing. Numerous essential oils, including rose essential oil, contain eugenol, a phenolic compound. It has been demonstrated that its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties promote healthy ageing and safeguard skin cells from damage. Eugenol's powerful antioxidant properties can help prevent premature skin degeneration and preserve its youthful appearance.

Neroli essential oil:

Neroli oil is an essential oil that are extracted from the flower of Citrus aurantium L. It is sometimes tagged as orange blossom oil as it is extracted from bitter orange tree. The Citrus aurantium is fruit-bearing tree native to Asia and it distinguishes itself from other Citrus species by bearing the fruits with distinctive flavour, which commonly labelled as sour or bitter orange. The extraction of neroli oil from flowers is generally through steam distillation method. In facts, neroli essential oil is being investigated in various studies on its constituents and therapeutic effects. Studies show that neroli has obvious effects in the use of skin care and emotional wellness. Neroli oil is one of the most common choices of base note for floral oils in perfumery. It is generally due to its rich emission of floral scent with intense citrus aroma. Thus, its soothing smell can help in combat the feelings of depression, mental suffering. This feature makes it more valuable and attractive in the realm of skin care as it exhibits antiaging outcome with favourable scents.

High vitamin C in neroli encourage collagen production, which helps to regenerate skin cells and tighten skin. Also, it prevents the premature ageing by reducing dark spots caused by sun damage. In addition, this vitamin is believed to reduce wrinkles, dark circles, combat signs of ageing, and ultraviolet ray from sunlight that leads to hyperpigmentation. It is a condition where the skin cells become damaged or unhealthy. Thus, melanin production is being affected and some areas on skins might appear brown, black, grey, red or pink spots or patches. With vitamin C, the regeneration rate of skin cells increases as it promotes collagen protein synthesis for the repair of damaged skin.Besides, neroli oil has powerful antioxidant properties. Skin aging is one of the skin-related problems that is related to an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants. In common situations, our immune cells use free radicals to fight infections. The balance between free radicals and antioxidants is important as oxidative stress may occur when the number of free radicals exceeds the number of antioxidants. Excessive free radicals can cause oxidative damage to our cell membranes, lipids, proteins, and DNA. Neroli oil riches in natural antioxidants such as limonene, which can fight against free radicals and provide protection from endogenous and exogenous oxidative stresses.Typically, neroli oil is considered safe but it should be avoided when you need to focus on doing something as it is a strong sedative oil that can make you fall asleep.

Geranium essential oil:

Geranium essential oil is a derivative of the leaves of Pelargonium graveolens. Pelargonium graveolens is native to South Africa and then introduced and brought over to Europe and Asia regions. Geranium has diverse varieties and strains of pink blossom with a fresh floral fragrance. The extraction is generally done through steam distillation on the leaves and stalks and it takes around 3 to 4 hours. It is the ideal extraction process to give better quality essential oils. The geranium oil usually gives off a sharp and herbaceous green scent and with a sweet minty-rose undertone. Various studies have been carried out by researchers to determine the benefits of geranium essential oil. According to the studies done, positive outcomes are observed in several human and animal studies and some anecdotal evidence showed that geranium oil exhibits antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and astringent properties and even antiaging.In general usage, geranium oil is used dermatologically to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles on account of its potent astringent properties. It works by tightening and contracting the skin tissues, which shows significant impacts in minimizing the appearance of the wrinkles. Also, it has antioxidant effects which prevent or minimize oxidative damage and subsequently slow down skin aging.

Another property of geranium oil in reducing aging clinical sign is provide the anti-inflammatory properties. It is related with alleviation effect of geranium oil on acne and hyperpigmentation, which can reduce the dark spots or skin dullness by free radical damage on skin.³⁷ In another point of view, it shows antiaging effect by maintain the balance of hormone. Hormones that responsible for regulating sebum production are essential as it directly decides on the skin condition. In normal case, sebum is secreted by sebaceous gland under the influence of androgen hormone. Sebum provides the lubrication on skin to protect skin against friction and more impervious to moisture. Moreover, sebaceous gland channels antioxidants to skin and exhibits photoprotective effects against natural light. Sometimes we might experience skin dryness and oily after long exposure to UV radiation in natural light. By applying geranium oil, it regulates sebum production by locking the moisture and oil levels in epidermis. Hence, it reinvigorates skins and rebalance the sebum level, which provide replenishment to skin surface.¹⁶

Sandalwood essential oil:

Sandalwood essential oil is extracted from the wood and roots of Santalum album, or the East Indian sandalwood tree. It is known as one of the most valuable trees in the world and the products from Santalum album can be found in the global market. Sandalwood essential oil is exceptionally expensive compared to common essential oil. This is mainly due to the slow growing rate of sandalwood tree and few decades is needed for them to mature and ready to be harvested for essential oil production. Sandalwood essential oil is commonly found in the perfume industry and air fresheners. Its extraction can be done through steam distillation, solvent extraction and supercritical fluid extraction (SC-CO2) and it is usually extracted via steam distillation. The main smell of sandalwood is woody, which is basically from santalol, its major constituent in sandalwood essential oil. It is also described as creamy, rich and earthy smell. The unique scent from sandalwood essential oil also makes it as trending preference for perfumes and aromatherapy. In conventionalism, sandalwood oil is being used with other therapies in the management of common cold, urinary tracts infection, digestive problems and even mental disorders.^\ Nevertheless, there is insufficient studies in evaluation of health benefits of sandalwood and the scientific studies on its health benefits is still limited.

For its antiaging effect, it is believed that oleic acid in sandalwood essential oils play crucial role in managing existing aging signs. Oleic acid exhibits strong antioxidant activities as it rich in tocopherols, which can protect cellular membranes in oils and lipids from oxidation. Also, vitamin E in oleic acid is efficient in reducing liperoxide formation. Hence, the cell membrane is protected from the damage of free radicals released by liperoxides. In addition, oleic acid acts as emollient agent by preventing the water loss through epidermis, which may show significant improvement in dry and wrinkled skin and aid in skin healing. Lastly, oleic acid demonstrates the photoprotective effects on skin which prevent damage of free radicals generated by ultraviolet radiation. Another constituent in sandalwood oil that are found to have antiaging effects is Ximenynic acid. Ximenynic acid riches in fatty acids and it prevent the aging signs by increase microcirculation. Skin aging can be caused by progressive decrease of new blood vessel formation, where some tissues or internal organs are affected and function abnormally, and eventually lead to aging. With ximenynic acid, increment in microcirculation will promote angiogenesis in tissue development, impair the damage blood vessels and regulate the skin homeostasis. Also, it firms the skin by reducing enlargement of pores and distension and discolouration of skin which may reduce the wrinkles. For the side effects of sandalwood oil, less literatures are available claiming that it possesses severe adverse effect. However, sandalwood may cause allergy skin reactions to super sensitive skin. Thus, individual who wish to use sandalwood oil may test it on a small area of skin first before applying it.

Carrot Seed Oil:

Carrot seed oil is extracted from the seeds of the carrot plant, scientifically known as Daucus carota. Carrot seed oil is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it an effective ingredient in skincare products.¹⁷To extract the oil, the seeds are steam distilled, which allows the essential oil to be separated from the plant material. The resulting oil is a yellow to amber-coloured liquid with a slightly sweet, earthy aroma. Carrot seed oil is known for its ability to rejuvenate and nourish the skin, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging and skincare products.Carrot seed oil exhibit its anti-aging effect through several mechanisms. One of the mechanisms is through antioxidant activity. Carrot seed oil show antioxidant properties, which prevent free radicals and oxidative stress to cause any harmful effect on the skin cells which maybe lead to the damage of skin cells. This may help to prevent the breakdown of collagen and elastin in the skin, which are important for maintaining skin elasticity and firmness.

Then, carrot seed oil has shown anti-inflammatory activity. Inflammation is a key driver of skin aging, and carrot seed oil has been found to have anti-inflammatory properties. This may help to reduce inflammation in the skin and prevent the formation of wrinkles and other signs of aging.¹⁸The moisturizing activity of Carrot seed oil has act as emollient and moisturizing agent, which can aid in hydrating the skin which then minimize the fine lines and wrinkles to be appeared on the skin. Carrot seed oil has been found to stimulate cell growth and repair, which may help to promote the production of new collagen and elastin in the skin. This may help to improve skin texture and firmness. Besides, Carrot seed oil contains carotenoids, which have been found to have UV-protective properties which prevent premature aging of the skin due to the damage caused by the UV radiation.

Ylang Ylang Essential Oil:

Ylang ylang, which has the scientific name of Cananga odorata, is a plant with flowers of pale-yellow colour. It is originated from tropical Asia, Australia, and several Pacific islands, but has also been introduced to Africa, China, India and the Americas. The plant is a tropical evergreen tree that can grow up to 130 feet. Cananga odorata has been used for many different usages, which varies by region. In early records, the plant has been used as an additive for coconut oil pomade. It is mainly being used as decoration and personal ornamentation in Malaysia and Indonesia.Ylang ylang is commonly used for extraction of essential oil. The essential oil derived from the flower has an exotic and sweet smell. It also has the smell of floral and slightly fruity. Ylang ylang has been found to have multiple functions, including boosting mood, reducing depression, lowering blood pressure, asthma, and repelling flying insects. In our study, Ylang ylang is also effective in anti-aging. The essential oil can improve the appearance of ageing skin by accelerating the regeneration of cells. It has a toning effect that smoothen fine lines and wrinkles. It is also helpful in maintain the balance of sebum production. Sebum is an oily secretion produced by the sebaceous glands. Sebaceous gland can be found concentrated in face and scalp. Sebum, which consists of complex oils including triglycerides and fatty acid breakdown products, wax esters, squalene, cholesterol esters and cholesterol, can help in lubricating the skin. It can reduce the friction on skin and make it more impervious to moisture, hence keeping more moisture in skin. The sebaceous gland can also transport antioxidants in and on the skin and exhibits a natural light protective activity.¹⁹ Therefore, by maintain the balance of sebum production, ylang ylang essential oil can help to lubricate skin, which is one of the ways for anti-aging.

Apart from the anti-aging effect of Ylang ylang, the essential oil also has some side effects. The essential oil contains several allergens, and one of them is isoeugenol. Isoeugenol exists in trans and cis isometric forms, and the transform is more commonly found in essential oil. The chemical constituent can cause concomitant contact allergy when applied topically to the skin. It is due to chemical cross-reactivity or local skin metabolism of the derivatives of Isoeugenol.²⁰ Ylang ylang should not be applied with full strength to the skin. It should be mixed with carrier oil and patch tested, before being applied to the skin of the body. Pregnant women, women during breastfeeding, and children below the age of six should avoid form using Ylang ylang essential oil. Treatments with essential oil should also be avoided from anticoagulant medicines or plants. This is because essential oil will potentiate the effects of the drugs. Ylang ylang essential oil is extracted via the steam distillation method. The mechanism of this method is when the steams vaporize the volatile compound in the Ylang ylang flower, and the vapour is condensed back to liquid form and collected. This is a popular method of extraction as it requires lower temperature. Hence, the natural qualities of the plant can be remained during the process. Ylang ylang essential oil can be classified into different classes, first, second and third to identify the duration of distillation. First grade is the most potent and usually used for perfumes while third grade has the milder scent and is usually used as an additive in soaps and shampoos.

Citrus reticulata leaves essential oil:

Citrus appear as a well-known promising source of multiple beneficial nutrients for human beings all over the world.²¹Citrus reticulata, commonly known as mandarin orange or tangerine, is a citrus fruit tree that belongs to the Rutaceae family. It is native to Southeast Asia but is now widely grown in many parts of the world, including China, Japan, and the United States.Citrus reticulata leaves are abundant in a variety of bioactive substances, such as flavonoids, coumarins, and alkaloids, which are thought to contribute to their therapeutic advantages. These substances can be helpful in reducing the effects of ageing and enhancing overall skin health because they have been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging properties.²²Citrus reticulata essential oil extract of fruit peel more significant antioxidant properties.²³Citrus reticulata leaves can be extracted for essential oil using the hydro-distillation method. In this method, the fresh leaves are first collected and then submitted to hydro-distillation within 2 days from collection. The leaves are placed in a Clevenger type apparatus, and steam is passed through them. This causes the essential oil to be released from the leaves and carried with the steam. The mixture of steam and oil vapors is then condensed and collected in a container, where it separates into two layers - the essential oil layer and the water layer. The essential oil layer is then recovered, weighed, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate to remove any remaining water content. The resulting oil is then stored in amber and air-tight sealed vials at −20°C until use. The yield of essential oil obtained from the leaves is calculated based on the initial plant weight, and GC-MS analysis is conducted to identify the different compounds present in the oil.

The anti-aging effects of essential oil from different cultivars of Citrus reticulata leaves were evaluated through inhibitory activity against enzymes such as hyaluronidase, collagenase, and elastase, which are responsible for skin aging. Hyaluronic acid is an essential component of soft connective tissues that plays a crucial role in maintaining skin elasticity and moisture content, leading to a reduction in wrinkles. The activity of the enzyme hyaluronidase results in the breakdown of hyaluronic acid into smaller components. Therefore, inhibitors of hyaluronidase are useful for keeping the skin hydrated and slowing down the aging process. Collagen is a highly prevalent protein in the body, essential for providing structural support, elasticity, strength, and flexibility to the skin's connective tissue. Collagenase, an enzyme found in matrix metalloproteinase, breaks down collagen, which can reduce skin elasticity and contribute to the formation of wrinkles. By inhibiting collagenase, it is possible to slow down the wrinkling process and preserve skin elasticity. Elastin is a protein present in the connective tissue, which is primarily responsible for maintaining the elasticity of the skin. The enzyme elastase catalyzes the breakdown of elastin, and this process is accelerated by aging and exposure to UV radiation. As a result, skin aging occurs due to the degradation of elastin fibers. The essential oils of various C. reticulata leaf cultivars were analyzed to identify thirty-nine compounds, including β-pinene, d-limonene, γ-terpinene, linalool, and dimethyl anthranilate as the primary components. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) showed that the chemical composition of different cultivars varied in both qualitative and quantitative aspects. Cm, Km, and Wm cultivars exhibited a considerable inhibitory action against the tested aging enzymes. In silico studies on the major compounds supported the activities of the essential oils and suggested their possible mechanisms of action. In conclusion, certain Citrus reticulata cultivars have potential for use in anti-aging skincare products.

Rosemary essential oil:

Rosemary oil is a purified product from Rosmarinus officinalis. It is a small evergreen plant that categorized in mint family. This wooded evergreen is native to the Mediterranean and it has been used for thousand years to strengthen memorization capability, combat digestive problems, boost immunity and relieve aches and pains. Also, it is one of the most powerful herbs as its leaves could be used fresh or dried as natural flavouring agents for varied dishes such as potatoes and roasted lamb.For the extraction of rosemary essential oil, there are few ways such as hydrodistillation, steam distillation, ultrasound and enzyme-assisted extraction and carbon dioxide supercritical extraction can be applied. However, majority rosemary oils are extracted via steam distillation which is the most common process to extract the essential oils. According to study, rosemary show beneficial health effects on antiaging as high antioxidant composition is found inside it. Rosemary essential oil consists of antioxidant agents including carnosol, carnosic acid, ursolic acid, rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid.About its antiaging effect, rosemary oil is shown to be effective in maintain and balance the tones of skins. Rosemary’s antioxidant properties also allow it to prevent the wrinkles formation as it is efficient in minimize the free radical damage and prevent the radical damage that break down the skin’s elasticity.Also, its antimicrobial and antifungal properties can provide fresh replenishment for our skin. It provides deep cleansing effects on complexion in skin and stimulate healing effects which make skin looks more refresh and younger. It also responsible in inducing detoxification function of lymphatic system. It may trigger circulation and lymphatic drainage and aid in expelling toxins from the skins.The skin toxicity is usually associated with acceleration of skin aging. Skin toxicity may happen when certain substance causes local reaction and systemic poisoning in people or animals by skin contacts. The accumulation of toxins may influence the skin’s ability to regenerate and stay hydrated. By restoring the regeneration ability with eliminated waste, aging signs such as wrinkles, age spots, and uneven skin tones can be minimizedand also it showed antibacterial²⁴, antifungal ²⁵and antioxidant ²⁶ properties.

CONCLUSION:

In conclusion, anti-aging promotes healthy aging, extends the duration and quality of life, and postpones the emergence of diseases related to aging.These essential oils have been believed to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may help to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. However, there is limited scientific evidence to support their effectiveness in this regard, some essential oils have properties that may be beneficial for reducing the signs of aging and promoting healthy skin.Overall, while essential oils may offer some benefits for anti-aging, it is important to keep in mind that they are not a substitute for proper skincare habits and a healthy lifestyle. Incorporating a balanced diet, regular exercise, stress management, and other healthy practices into your daily routine can be just as important for promoting healthy aging and maintaining youthful-looking skin.

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Received on 30.08.2023 Modified on 13.11.2023

Research J. Pharm. and Tech 2024; 17(5):2398-2404.

DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2024.00375